Criminal justice system refers to organizational structure and functionality of nation's specialized judicial branch. Generally speaking the organizational structure and functionality of the police, the prosecution, the courts, and the correctional system which is the final step of the criminal procedure are included in the criminal justice system. By analyzing special features of Chinese criminal justice system as well as its correctional system, this research mainly purports to contribute on the bilateral cooperative relation between Korea and China for the nations’ crisis in inmate situation and crisis in crime which has been continually increasing. The characteristics of each branch in Chinese criminal justice system can be summarized as follows: i) For the police branch, the Public Security Bureau (China’s central police agency) exercises dominant power over various areas such as having the exclusive authority to investigate most criminal offenses and carrying out responsibilities for the border control and pretrial inmates. ii) For the prosecution sector, the prosecution, entitled the Prosecutorate, is the entity constitutionally independent from the executive branch, and the Prosecutorial Committee, which is in accordance with the principle centralism, exists and oversees various issues for the prosecution. iii) For the court system, each case shall have at most two trials, and the courts may provide “People’s jury” trials and are regulated by the judicial committee (also known as the adjudication committee). iv) For the correctional system, the Public Security Bureau is in charge of administering pretrial detainees and short-term inmates (inmates serving less than one year in prisons); the courts are responsible for the execution of death row inmates; and the productivity of prison labor exhibits the high level of efficiency. However it cannot be disputed that the absolute control of the Communist Party of China over the entire Chinese criminal justice branch operates as the fundamental limitation for the criminal justice system in China.